Analysis of LLM Bias (Chinese Propaganda & Anti-US Sentiment) in DeepSeek-R1 vs. ChatGPT o3-mini-high
Executive Summary Prior studies have probed isolated bias dimensions but have not directly compared a PRC-aligned LLM with a non-PRC peer across topics and languages; we close this gap by creating a 1,200-item trilingual corpus and evaluating 7,200 responses from DeepSeek-R1 and ChatGPT o3-mini-high with a GPT-4o-plus-human pipeline that achieves near-perfect agreement with manual annotations. […]